How do I have a non-tiling (non-repeating) background
image?
With CSS, you can use the background-repeat property.
The background repeat can be included in the shorthand
background property, as in this example:
body {
background: white url(example.gif) no-repeat ;
color: black ;
}
CSS is clearly very useful for separating style from
content. But apparently people tend to have problems
when using it for layouts. Would you say this is because
people have not yet understood how to properly do layout
in CSS, or is it CSS that is lacking in this area? What
can be done to improve the situation? --- Would the web
benefit from HTML and CSS being complemented with some
kind of "layout language"?
Layout and style should be tackled by the same language
and the two are intertwined. Trying to split the two is
like splitting the HTML specification in two, one
specification describing inline elements and the other
describing block elements. It's not worth the effort.
CSS is capable of describing beautiful and scalable
layouts. The CSS Zen Garden has been a eye-opening
showcase of what is possible today. If MS IE had
supported CSS tables, another set of layouts would have
been possible. So, there is still lots of potential in
the existing CSS specifications which should be the next
milestone.
I always wanted to have "included" substyles or
"aliases" in my CSS definition, to save redundancy.
(For includes)
.class1 { color:#ff0000; }
.class2 { background-color:#ffffff; }
.class3 { include:class1,class2;font-weight:bold; }
(For aliases)
@alias color1 #ff0000;
@alias color2 #ffffff;
@alias default_image url('/img/image1.jpg');
.class1 { color:color1; }
.class2 { background-image:default_image;background-color:co
lor2; }
This way we could change colors or images for a whole
webpage
by editing a reduced number of lines.
Had you considered any of these ideas in the past? If
so, why were they rejected?
Yes, aliases and constants have been considered. CSS is
already an indirection. Instead of putting properties
and values directly on elements, it associates
properties and values with selectors. What you (and
others) are proposing is to add another layer of
indirection. By doing so, one could possible write
shorter, more manageable style sheets. However, there
are also some downsides. It requires a new syntactic
construct (@alias) and implementations must be able to
remember a list of aliases. What if aliases are defined
in one style sheet and referenced in another -- should
that work? If so, what if the first style sheet isn't
available?..
Styles not showing?
There are different ways to apply CSS to a HTML document
with a stylesheet, and these different ways can be
combined:
* inline (internal) (Deprecated for XHTML)
* embedded (internal)
* linked (external) and
* @import (external)
Note: An external stylesheet is a text file that
contains only CSS Styles. HTML comments are not supposed
to be in there and can lead to misinterpretation (> is
the CSS "Child" selector!).
How do I quote font names in quoted values of the style
attribute?
The attribute values can contain both single quotes and
double quotes as long as they come in matching pairs. If
two pair of quotes are required include single quotes in
double ones or vice versa:
<P STYLE="font-family: 'New Times Roman'; font-size:
90%">
<P STYLE='font-family: "New Times Roman"; font-size:
90%'>
It's been reported the latter method doesn't work very
well in some browsers, therefore the first one should be
used.
Why is my external stylesheet not working ?
There may be several different reasons behind that, but
one very common mistake is to have an external
stylesheet that contains HTML markup in some form.
An external stylesheet must contain only CSS rules, and
if required, correctly formed CSS comments; never
include any HTML syntax, such as <style type="text/css">…
CSS comments are defined as anything that is placed
between
/* (the comment start mark) and
*/ (the comment end mark). I.e. as follows…
/* This text right here is a correct CSS comment */
CSS comments may span multiple lines in the stylesheet.
Nesting of CSS comments is not allowed.
Another reason for external stylesheets (and even
embedded and inline stylerules) not to function as
expected may be that you have tried to make use of some
CSS-features that are not supported in the browser you
are using.
External stylesheets shall also be served from the
www-server with a MIME-type of 'text/css' in its
'Content Type:' HTTP header.
You may need to negotiate with your server admin to add
this MIME type to your server if you are not able to
configure the server yourself.
What can be done with style sheets that can not be
accomplished with regular HTML?
Many of the recent extensions to HTML have been
tentative and somewhat crude attempts to control
document layout. Style sheets go several steps beyond,
and introduces complex border, margin and spacing
control to most HTML elements. It also extends the
capabilities introduced by most of the existing HTML
browser extensions. Background colors or images can now
be assigned to ANY HTML element instead of just the BODY
element and borders can now be applied to any element
instead of just to tables. For more information on the
possible properties in CSS, see the Index DOT Css
Property Index.
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