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Sql Interview Questions and Answers
What is an integrity constraint?
Integrity constraint is a rule that restricts values to a column in a
table.
What is referential integrity constraint?
Maintaining data integrity through a set of rules that restrict the
values of one or more columns of the tables based on the values of
primary key or unique key of the referenced table.
What is the usage of SAVEPOINTS?
SAVEPOINTS are used to subdivide a transaction into smaller parts. It
enables rolling back part of a transaction. Maximum of five save points
are allowed.
What is ON DELETE CASCADE?
When ON DELETE CASCADE is specified Oracle maintains referential
integrity by automatically removing dependent foreign key values if a
referenced primary or unique key value is removed.
What are the data types allowed in a table?
CHAR, VARCHAR2, NUMBER, DATE, RAW, LONG and LONG RAW.
What is difference between CHAR and VARCHAR2? What is the maximum SIZE
allowed for each type?
CHAR pads blank spaces to the maximum length.
VARCHAR2 does not pad blank spaces.
For CHAR the maximum length is 255 and 2000 for VARCHAR2.
How many LONG columns are allowed in a table? Is it possible to use LONG
columns in WHERE clause or ORDER BY?
Only one LONG column is allowed. It is not possible to use LONG column
in WHERE or ORDER BY clause.
What are the pre-requisites to modify datatype of a column and to add a
column with NOT NULL constraint?
- To modify the datatype of a column the column must be empty.
- To add a column with NOT NULL constrain, the table must be empty.
Where the integrity constraints are stored in data dictionary?
The integrity constraints are stored in USER_CONSTRAINTS.
How will you activate/deactivate integrity constraints?
The integrity constraints can be enabled or disabled by ALTER TABLE
ENABLE CONSTRAINT / DISABLE CONSTRAINT.
If unique key constraint on DATE column is created, will it validate the
rows that are inserted with SYSDATE?
It won't, Because SYSDATE format contains time attached with it.
What is a database link?
Database link is a named path through which a remote database can be
accessed.
How to access the current value and next value from a sequence? Is it
possible to access the current value in a session before accessing next
value?
Sequence name CURRVAL, sequence name NEXTVAL. It is not possible. Only
if you access next value in the session, current value can be accessed.
What is CYCLE/NO CYCLE in a Sequence?
CYCLE specifies that the sequence continue to generate values after
reaching either maximum or minimum value. After pan-ascending sequence
reaches its maximum value, it generates its minimum value. After a
descending sequence reaches its minimum, it generates its maximum.
NO CYCLE specifies that the sequence cannot generate more values after
reaching its maximum or minimum value.
What are the advantages of VIEW?
- To protect some of the columns of a table from other users.
- To hide complexity of a query.
- To hide complexity of calculations.
Can a view be updated/inserted/deleted? If Yes - under what conditions?
A View can be updated/deleted/inserted if it has only one base table if
the view is based on columns from one or more tables then insert, update
and delete is not possible.
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